Act+7+Stars

Act 7 Stars’ brightness are classified by magnitude 1 to magnitude 6. by: Shelby Moinette
 * __Page E73. Paragraphs 1 and 2.__**
 * Astronomers use a magnitude scale to describe the brightness of an object such as stars in the sky. The brightness depends on how close it is to the Earth

__Geo Words:__ By: Lily Hughes
 * Luminosity – the total amount of energy radiated by an object every second.
 * Molecular __Cloud__ – a large, cold cloud made up mostly of molecular hydrogen and helium as well as other gases. It is in these clouds that new stars are born.
 * Supernova – the death explosion of a massive star whose core has completely burned out.

** Geo Words **

- Kory Sanders
 * 1. Neutron star ** : the imploded core of a massive star produced by a supernova explosion.
 * 2. Stellar black hole: ** the leftover core of a massive single star after a supernova. Black holes exert such large gravitational pull that not even light can escape.

Check Your Understanding- 1 and 2


 * 1) Astronomers classify stars by their color and temperature.

2. A star`s __life__ begins with its formation in a cloud of gas and dust called a molecular cloud. The material in the cloud begins to clump together, mixing and swirling. The core begins to heat and when the center reaches 15 million kelvins, a star is born. -Luke Bickerstaff

Think about it
As you stargaze, what do you notice about the stars? As i stargaze, i slowly notice that some nights the starts are more visible than other nights. I notice that the starts look like little silver specks all over the night sky and that sometimes they almost appear to be blinking.

Do some stars appear brighter than others? Larger or smaller? What about their colors? Some stars very much indeed appear to be brighter than others. Usually the larger ones seem to be brighter and it's sometimes like they are almost blinking or shimmering. The color is usually almost the same- silver or whitish.

The Lives Of Stars Astronomers use the __term__ luminosity for the total ratee at which a star emits radiation energy. Unlike apparent brightness luminosity is an intristic property. It doesn’t depend on how far away the star is. In the early 1900’s Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell independently made the discovery that the luminosity of a star was related to its surface temperture. BY:KATHRINE JACQUES
 * By: Taylor Smith **

Digging Deeper- Star Mass is the determining factor for how long a star lives Some starts consume mass more quickly that others. And stars with a bigger mass die more quickly than the starts that have a smaller mass. All starts have to die at some point, and when they do they sometimes leave behind a tiny part of it which is then called the Neutron Star. How does a star begin to die?: It starts to lose mass and eventually goes away but leaves behind a neutron star.
 * -Kaitlyn Peters**

Digging deeper- Q. 1-2 1.) What is the relationship between a stars temperature and its brightness? - Depending on how bright the star is determines the temperature. So if it is bright then it probably has a high temperature. If it is dull then it has a low temperature. 2.) What type of star (low-mass, medium, or high-mass) burns fuel quickly? - High mass stars because since they have more mass, they need more energy to burn. Gabby Garibaldi

__//** DIGGING DEEPER : DYING STARS (Pg.77) **//__ //** 1. The end of a supergiants life cycle is a cataclysmic explosion called the Supernova. **// //** 2. The material that is shed from dying stars makes its way into the space between the stars. **// //** 3. What would happen if there were a supernova explosion in our stellar neighborhood sometime in the future? **// //**BY: GODWIN DJOKOTO**//
 * //** Depending on how close it was, we could be bombarded with strong radiation and shock waves from the explosion. **//

__**//Pg 77 Notes//**__ The material that is shed from dying stars makes its way into space between the stars. There it mixes and waits for a slow gravitational contraction down to a new episode of starbirth and ultimately star death. Because humans evolved on a planet that was born from a recycled cloud of stellar mass, they are very much star "stuff"- part of a long cycle of life, death, and rebirth. //**By: Thomas Crutchfield**//

__//**Understanding and Applying: # 3**//__ __//What happens to the material left over from the death of a star?//__ - When a star dies there is a lot of material left over, and it stays hot for quite a long time. Like an explosion in a fireworks display, it takes a long time for the gas cloud to fade away, the cloud can even hang out for up to a thousand years! By Chelsea Blanton

 ** This is an image of the Orion Nebula. It is an example of a molecular cloud. The Hubble Space Telescope took this picture. It is the sharpest view ever taken of this specific region. More than 3,000 stars of various sizes are shown in this image. Some of them have never been seen in visible light before. These stars reside in dust-and-gas landscapes. **** - Jade Miller ** classifing stars the magnitude scale is used by astronomers to classify stars. it is used to describe brightness to the objects. a stars brightness decreases with the square of the distance. the brightest stars are classified as first magnitude the next brightest are second magnitude and continues to magnitude 6. but today magnitudes are described more precisely by using numbers. Lea Kincaid

DD Act 7 #4 What are the forces that determine whether a star will turn into a brow dwarf, a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole? Age, mass,and location will determine the type of star that it later becomes. If a star becomes a black hole it has completed its entire life cycle. What causes this to happen is an implosion from the explosion which causes a "vacuum" or better known as a black hole.-Nick Mehler

**What are the forces that determine whether a star will turn into a brown dwarf, a white dwarf, a neutron star or a black hole?** The forces that determine what a star will become is its mass. The mass’s all take place in a sequence. A star has to be low mass, then it evolves into a brown dwarf, then to a white dwarf. It then becomes neutron star which when it explodes becomes a super nova which then turns into a dense black hole. - Brittany Stocker

Digging Deeper: Questions 3-4

3)Rank the three categories of stars in order of how long they are expected to live. -Low mass, Medium Mass, High Mass 4)What forces determine whether a star will turn into a brown dwarf, a white dwarf, a neutron star or a black hole? <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">-Mass determines what a star will turn into. Lower mass stars turn into brown dwarfs, while medium mass stars turn into white dwarfs and stars with a larger mass turn into a black hole. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">-Morgan Mueller

<span style="color: #36ce8b; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">more mass, they burn it much more quickly and end up having very short lives!
<span style="color: #36ce8b; font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;">-Hannah Albritton

===The material that is shed from dying stars makes its way into the space between the stars. There it mixes and waits for a slow gravatational contraction down to a new episode of starbirth and ultimately star death. Astronomers search the universe to study the mechanics of star formation. Star murseries and star graveyards are scattered through all the galaxies. Scientists also search for examples of planetary nebulae.=== -Joshua Kirtley

__**The Lives of Stars**__
Astronomers use the term luminosity for the total rate at which a star emits radiation energy. Unlike apparent brightness (how bright the star appears to be) luminosity is an intrinsic property. It doesn't depend on how far away the star is. In the early 1900s Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell independently made the discovery that the luminosity of a star was related to its surface temperature. -Gage Chumney